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Over the last twenty years, research has led to the development of very powerful antiviral medication, which when taken in combinations, has led to a reduction of the virus in the body and healthier living, as a result.

There are now five classes of medication, four of which work on different phases of the viral cycle of replication within the CD4 cell. The newest class of medication (fusion inhibitors) affects the ability of the virus to attach, dock and inject its genetic material into the cell. Antiretroviral drugs should be taken in combination. Usually three different drugs, from at least two different classes, are used at once.

The success of treatment is directly dependant on the adherence to the medication regimen. Opportunities for the virus to mutate and avoid detection can be created by not adhering to scheduled medication time. Resistance to one HIV medication can create a resistance to a whole category of medications to which it belongs, thus jeopardizing the success of therapy.

The medication regimen is a complicated and individualized process. It is recommended that an HIV specialist be the choice of provider to accomplish the most up to date and effective therapy plan.

Medication is not without side effects. A wide range of side effects are associated with antiretroviral therapy. Many people experience nausea, vomiting, headaches, fatigue, rashes, diarrhea, insomnia, stomach pain and numbness around the mouth. Inflammation of the pancreas, damage to the liver and nerves, changes in body shape, anemia and muscle pain can also result from some of the drugs. If the side effects become intolerable and a threat to staying adherent is present, it is suggested that a change of regimen be considered.